База данных исследований по борьбе со старением

Valproic acid (VPA, valproate), an acidic chemical compound, has found clinical use as an anticonvulsant and mood-stabilizing drug, primarily in the treatment of epilepsy, bipolar disorder and prevention of migraineheadaches. VPA is a liquid at room temperature, but it can be reacted with a base such as sodium hydroxide to form the salt sodium valproate, which is a solid

An optical isomer of quinine, extracted from the bark of the Cinchona tree and similar plant species. This alkaloid dampens the excitability of cardiac and skeletal muscles by blocking sodium and potassium currents across cellular membranes. It prolongs cellular action potential, and decreases automaticity. Quinidine also blocks muscarinic and alpha-adrenergic neurotransmission.

Quercetin, one of the main flavonoids that exists in galangal (Zingiberaceae), is a hydroxylated flavanoid that has been shown to cause potent reversible inhibition of fatty-acid synthase. It possesses potential antiinflammatory properties. Quercetin also inhibits Trk (tyrosine protein kinase), phospholipase A2, PDE (phosphodiesterases), mitochondrial ATPase, PI 3-kinase and PKC (protein kinase C). It has been reported that the competitive inhibition of FASN by quercetin leads to apoptotic cell death which results in inhibition of cell proliferation. Quercetin also behaves as a GPR30 activator and calcium channel protein inhibitor.

An anticonvulsant effective in absence seizures, but generally reserved for refractory cases because of its toxicity. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p378)

Nortriptyline Hydrochloride is a 5-HT2 serotonin receptor antagonist. It is a more potent inhibitor of the norepinephrine transporter (Ki = 3.4 nM) than the serotonin transporter (Ki = 161 nM).

The principal alkaloid in opium and the prototype opiate analgesic and narcotic. Morphine has widespread effects in the central nervous system and on smooth muscle.

Oxatomide is a phenylpiperazine which acts as an H1 receptor antagonist. An interesting characteristic of Oxatomide is that it does not block acetylcholine in the central and peripheral nervous system. Studies conducted on guinea pigs show that Oxatomide suppresses PAF-induced bronchoconstriction and inhibits the release of leukotrienes and other mediators. Alternate studies show that the effectiveness of Oxatomide is not altered as a result of pretreating the cells with histamine, which is observed in other H1 receptor antagonists such as Fexofenadine (sc-218475). It is believed that Oxatomide’s lipophilic properties allow it to cross the plasma membrane of cells.

Loxapine Succinate is a D2DR and D4DR inhibitor and serotonergic receptor antagonist.

Loratadine is a derivative of azatadine and a second-generation histamine H1 receptor antagonist used in the treatment of allergic rhinitis and urticaria. Unlike most classical antihistamines (histamine H1 antagonists) it lacks central nervous system depressing effects such as drowsiness.

A calcium channel blocker with marked vasodilator action. It is an effective antihypertensive agent and differs from other calcium channel blockers in that it does not reduce glomerular filtration rate and is mildly natriuretic, rather than sodium retentive.