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Transplantation

Database
Transplantation of intestinal stem cells, intestinal gene therapy, intestinal bioengineering

When a patient has serious and irreversible disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, intestinal tissue engineering can be used as a promising approach. This approach proposes to replace dysfunctional or missing intestinal tissues with an implant that imitate physiological functions of the intestine. Different research groups have developed methods allowing to harvest intestinal stem cells from animal embryos or newborns. Such cells can be introduced into natural or synthetic carrier materials. At present, this methodology is rather standardized. That allows to create new intestinal tissue that resembles natural intestine in many morphological features and functional characteristics. Intestines created in that way have already allowed to improve or even cure of clinical syndromes of malabsorption in researches on rodents. Later, new intestinal tissues of large animals have been created. Prof. M. Stelzner’s researches are concentrated on the stem cell therapy in application to intestinal mucosa. They cover the use of bioengineered scaffold supporting the growth of cells transplanted into the patients who have some parts of their intestinal tract removed surgically. Intestinal stem cell organoid transplantation generates functional intestinal neomucosa and is used therapeutically to improve nutrient absorption and cure bile acid malabsorption in rats. The researchers from M. Stelzner’s team hypothesized that intestinal organoids can be harvested and transplanted to generate intestinal neomucosa in a large animal model — a dog. As the result of the experiments, in the the group where intestinal organoids were harvested from fetuses and allotransplanted into 10-month old mother animals, neomucosal growth was identified in 11 of 12 polyglycolic acid scaffolds after allotransplantation of fetal organoids. The neomucosa resembled normal canine mucosa in structure and composition. Intestinal stem cell organoid transplantation can be used to generate neomucosa in dogs. This is a great success and an important step towards clinical use of the intestinal tissue engineering in people. This is the first report of successful generation of intestinal neomucosa using intestinal stem cell organoid transplantation in a large animal model.